Evaluation of uro-oncological surgical treatment during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in a Brazilian tertiary oncology institution, the new world epicenter

ABSTRACT Introduction: The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatic effects on individuals and health care systems. In our institute, a tertiary oncologic public hospital with high surgical volume, we prioritize maintaining cancer treatment as well as possible. The aim of this study is to evaluate if uro-oncological surgeries at pandemic are safe. Materials and Methods: We evaluated patients who underwent uro-oncological procedures. Epidemiological data, information on COVID-19 infection related to surgery and clinical characteristics of non-survival operative patients with COVID-19 infections were analyzed. Results: From 213 patients analyzed, Covid-19 symptoms were noticed in 8 patients at preoperative process or at hospital admission postponing operation; 161 patients were submitted to elective surgery and 44 to emergency surgery. From patients submitted to elective surgeries, we had 1 patient with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 (0,6%), with mild symptoms and quick discharge. From the urgencies group, we had 6(13%) patients tested positive; 5 were taken to ICU with 4 deaths. Conclusion: Elective uro-oncological procedures at the COVID-19 epidemic period in a COVID-19-free Institute are safe, and patients who need urgent procedures, with a long period of hospitalization, need special care to avoid COVID-19 infection and its outcomes.

Preditores de recorrência e progressão do câncer de bexiga: validação externa do escore de risco EORTC e a Classificaçãodo Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo / Predicting bladder cancer recurrence and progression: EORTC risk score external validation and the Sao Paulo Cancer Institute Classification

Introdução: Classificações de risco baseadas em fatores preditivos de recorrência e progressão são essenciais para condutas no câncer de bexiga. Tabelas de risco combinam essas variáveis para uso clínico. As tabelas de risco da Organização Europeia para Pesquisa e Tratamento do Câncer (EORTC) são aceitas para esse propósito, mas nunca foram validadas no Brasil. Objetivos: Validar as tabelas de risco EORTC e criar uma classificação de risco baseada na população de pacientes acompanhados em um centro terciário de câncer. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 561 pacientes submetidos a ressecção transuretral (RTU) de câncer de bexiga superficial de fevereiro de 2005 a junho de 2011. As variáveis analisadas foram as mesmas das tabelas de risco EORTC. A regressão logística foi realizada usando SPSS. A análise da curva COR determinou o limite de tamanho do tumor. Resultados: As tabelas de risco EORTC não conseguiram prever recorrência nem progressão. Na análise para prever recorrência isoladamente, estadio T e tamanho do tumor previram o desfecho. O limite de tamanho do tumor foi definido em <4cm vs ≥4cm (AUC=0,61; p=0,001). Criamos uma classificação: Ta/CIS=0 pontos, T1=4 pontos, tamanho do tumor=0 ou 3 pontos. A classificação de risco foi obtida somando os pontos. A taxa de recorrência em 2 anos foi: escore 0=11,2%; escore 3=20,7%; escore 4=29,2%; escore 7=37,9%. Para prever recorrência e progressão, estadio T e tamanho do tumor previram significativamente o desfecho. A classificação em escores foi: Ta/CIS=0 pontos, T1=2 pontos, tamanho do tumor = 0 ou 2 pontos. A classificação de risco foi obtida somando os pontos. A taxa de recorrência em 2 anos foi: escore 0=17%; escore 2=28,6%; escore 4=40,7%. Conclusões: Constatamos que as tabelas de risco EORTC não conseguiram prever recorrência ou progressão do câncer de bexiga na nossa população. Portanto, desenvolvemos uma classificação de risco para auxiliar urologistas a individualizar as condutas por paciente.

Introduction: Risk classification based on predictive factors of bladder cancer recurrence and progression is essential for management decision. Risk tables combine these variables for clinical practice use. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables are widely accepted for this purpose, however they were never validated in Brazil. Our aim was to validate the EORTC risk tables and create a risk classification based on our population. Methods: Retrospective study of 561 patients who underwent transurethral resection of superficial bladder from February 2005 to June 2011. Variables analyzed were the same as EORTC risk tables. Logistic regression was performed using SPSS. ROC curve analysis was used for determining the cut-off for tumor size. Results: EORTC risk tables were not able to predict neither disease recurrence nor progression. In our analysis for predicting bladder cancer recurrence alone, we found that T stage and tumor size predicted outcome. Tumor size cut-off was defined as < 4 cm vs ≥ 4 (AUC=0.61; p=0.001). We created a scoring classification: Ta/CIS=0 points, T1=4 points, tumor size=0 or 3 points. Risk classification was obtained by adding the points accordingly and the following recurrence rate at 2 yrs by group: score 0=11.2%; score 3=20.7%; score 4=29.2%; score 7=37.9%. The statistical model for bladder cancer recurrence or progression found that T stage and tumor size predicted the outcome. The scoring classification was: Ta/CIS=0 points, T1=2 points, tumor size=0 or 2 points. Risk classification was obtained by adding the points accordingly and the following recurrence rate at 2 yrs by group: score 0=17%; score 2=28.6%; score 4=40.7%. Conclusions: We found that EORTC risk tables could not predict bladder cancer recurrence or progression in our patient population, possibly due to differences in patient characteristics. Therefore, we developed a new risk classification to aid urologists to individualize the management decision per patient.

Fatores prognósticos em pacientes submetidos à desobstrução ureteral secundária a tumores urológicos ou extraurológicos / Prognostic factors in patients submitted a urinary diversion for urologic or nonurologic malignancies

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: Há controvérsias em relação à indicação e ao momento ideal de realização de derivação urinária em pacientes com obstrução ureteral secundária a neoplasias malignas avançadas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar fatores relacionados ao mau prognóstico de pacientes com nefropatia obstrutiva maligna e criar um modelo de estratificação de risco desses pacientes, a fim de fornecer evidências para uma melhor decisão terapêutica. MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo prospectivo com pacientes portadores de insuficiência renal obstrutiva por neoplasias pélvicas, acompanhados por um tempo mínimo de seis meses, tratados entre janeiro de 2009 à novembro de 2011. De um total de 340 pacientes submetidos à procedimentos de descompressão ureteral por catéter ureteral (CUR) ou nefrostomia percutânea (NPC), 208 foram incluídos no estudo por serem maiores de 18 anos, apresentarem obstrução ureteral secundária à neoplasias malignas, confirmada por tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ultrassom (USG) e por terem realizado derivação urinária por catéter ureteral ou nefrostomia percutânea em nossa Instituição. RESULTADOS: A sobrevida média global foi de 144 dias, com mortalidade ao final do estudo de 164 pacientes (78.8%), sendo 44 (21.2%) durante a internação hospitalar. Não houve diferença significativa na sobrevida global entre os dois tipos de derivação urinária realizada (p = 0.216). Após análise univariada, a presença de qualquer sintoma (p = 0.014), derrame pleural (p = 0.015), grau de hidronefrose 1 e 2 (p = 0.001), Índice de Charlson >= 6 (p = 0.003), linfonodos retroperitoneais metastáticos (p = 0.002), linfonodos pélvicos metastáticos (p = 0.024), número de sítios relacionados à disseminação da doença >= 4 (p < 0.001), niveis séricos iniciais de uréia >= 80mg/dl (p = 0.01), sódio <= 138 mEq/L (p = 0.018) e albumina < 3.0 mg/dl (p = 0.035), diálise peri-operatória (p = 0.05) e índice de ECOG PS (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status)...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There is a controversy regarding the decision to perform diversion procedures in patients with ureteral obstruction secondary to advanced malignancies. The goal of this study was to identify poor prognosis factors and to create a model to stratify patients with malignant obstructive nephropathy in order to provide evidence-based information for better treatment decisions. METHODS: A prospective study was performed from January 2009 to November 2011, with patients followed at least for 6 months. From 340 patients initially submitted to ureteral decompression procedures by ureteral stents or percutaneous nephrostomy, 208 were elected for the study because they were 18 years old or more and presented ureteric obstruction secondary to any type of malignancy, confirmed by computadorized tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) and were submitted to urinary diversion by ureteral stents or percutaneous nephrostomy at our institution.RESULTS: The median survival for all patients was 144 days, with mortality at the end of study seen in 164 patients (78.8%) including 44 (21.2%) during hospitalization. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the two types of urinary diversion (p = 0.216). After univariated analysis the presence of any symptoms (p = 0.014), pleural effusion (p = 0.015), degree of hydronephrosis 1 and 2 (p = 0.001), Charlson Index >= 6 (p = 0.003), metastatic retroperitoneal lymph nodes (p = 0.002), metastatic pelvic lymph nodes (p = 0.024), number of sites related to dissemination >= 4 (p < 0.001), preoperative serum level urea >= 80mg/dl (p = 0.01), sodium <= 138mEq/L (p = 0.018), albumin < 3.0 mg/dl (p = 0.035), perioperative dyalisis (p = 0.05) and ECOG PS index >= 2 (p < 0.001) were associated to shorter mean survival. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model revelead that only the number of sites related to malignant dissemination (4 or more) and the index of performance status of...